Oral Health and Pregnancy

What is the public health issue?

Oral disease, particularly periodontal (gum) disease, may be related to premature and low birth-weight babies. Pregnant women with periodontal disease may be seven times more likely to have a baby that's born too early and too small, which can result in serious health problems that can be life-long. The exact connection between periodontal disease and preterm birth is unknown, but it might be due to inflammation (swelling) inside the body, the transfer of bacteria from the mouth into the placenta or amniotic fluid, or the release of a particular chemical that stimulates contractions (prostaglandin) from the mouth into the body. Pregnant women should take good care of their teeth and gums by brushing two times every day for two minutes, and flossing daily. They are at an increased risk for gum problems, as almost half of pregnant women in their second or third month of pregnancy get pregnancy gingivitis—this causes gum swelling, pain, and bleeding. In some cases, gums swollen by pregnancy gingivitis can form large growths, called “pregnancy tumors.” They are not cancerous and generally painless. However, if a tumor does not go away, it may need to be removed by a dentist. Pregnant women should also be educated about protecting their new baby’s oral health. Bacteria that cause tooth decay can spread from Mother and Child, and this increases the child’s risk for tooth decay in the future. Mothers should avoid sharing forks, spoons, and drinks with their babies.

Pregnency and oral health

Oral Health Before and During Pregnancy

• Drink fluoridated water
• Brush your teeth and gums twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste and floss each day
• Make an appointment for an exam with a dentist
• Make good nutritional choices; limit sweet drinks and avoid sugar
• Include Vitamin C and Calcium in your daily diet
• Do not smoke
• Get plenty of rest
• Learn how to take care of the baby’s gums and teeth even before birth

Infant and Toddler Oral Health Tips

• Consult a pediatrician or family physician on the best water to use with infant formula.
• Start oral care early. Begin by wiping the baby’s gums with a cloth or gauze after feeding.
• Start brushing as soon as the first tooth appears.
• When the child can brush on his or her own, supervise brushing to make sure fluoride toothpaste is not being used in large amounts and swallowed by the child.
• Try to schedule the child’s first dental visit around his or her first birthday.